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Haplogroup D1c

D1c-Andamanese

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

Formed (estimate)

c. 45,000–50,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 20,000–30,000 years ago

Y34637
M174*
F901

Overview

D1c is one of the most ancient surviving paternal lineages of any modern human population. Found almost exclusively among the indigenous Andamanese (Onge and Jarawa), this lineage represents a relic of the earliest human migrations along the southern coastal route. Its extreme divergence from other D branches reflects long-term isolation on the Andaman Islands, where small Negrito societies preserved unique Paleolithic genetic signatures.

Geographic distribution

Restricted almost entirely to Onge and Jarawa populations of the Andaman Islands. Extremely rare upstream markers occasionally appear in mainland Southeast Asia but likely reflect deep ancient affinities rather than recent contact.

Ancient DNA

Genomic analyses of Onge individuals reveal a divergence dating back to early coastal Paleolithic expansions.
Holocene skeletal material from the Andamans confirms continuity of D1c through thousands of years.
Comparative studies highlight deep separation between D1c and mainland East Asian D lineages.

Phylogeny & subclades

D1c is defined by Y34637 and extremely ancient basal markers. It shows minimal downstream branching owing to persistent small population sizes.

D1c*

Notes & context