Overview
D1 represents the primary surviving branch of haplogroup D, encompassing all extant lineages found today. It expanded across East and Southeast Asia during the late Upper Paleolithic, occupying ecological niches ranging from tropical islands to high-altitude plateaus. The early diversification of D1 corresponds to the establishment of the earliest stable regional populations, predating the Neolithic expansions that reshaped much of East Asia’s paternal landscape.
Geographic distribution
D1 occurs chiefly in Japan (Jōmon-derived D1a2), Tibet–Himalaya (D1b), and the Andaman Islands (D1c). Additional rare upstream lineages appear sporadically in mainland Southeast Asia, southern China and Central Asia.
Ancient DNA
- Early Holocene Himalayan individuals carry downstream lineages of D1 associated with altitude adaptation.
- Ancient Jōmon genomes exhibit multiple D1a subbranches.
- Andamanese remains demonstrate D1c continuity stretching back tens of thousands of years.
Phylogeny & subclades
D1 subdivides into several major branches: D1a, D1b and D1c. Each corresponds to a deeply diverged geographic region (Japan, Tibet–Himalaya, Andaman Islands).
Notes & context
D1 is the central lineage connecting all living branches of the D radiation.
References & external links