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Haplogroup C2c2

C2c2-F1383

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

C2c

Formed (estimate)

c. 22,000–28,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 9,000–12,000 years ago

F1383
Z13076
Z13087

Overview

C2c2 represents the inland-oriented sister branch to the coastal C2c1 lineage. It arose among late Pleistocene foragers inhabiting the interior regions of northeastern Siberia and persisted in small, highly mobile bands adapted to harsh subarctic environments. Its distribution reflects ancient ecological segregation between inland and coastal Arctic populations.

Geographic distribution

Found among Yukaghirs, Yakuts, Evenks and interior Koryak/Chukotkan communities. Lower frequencies appear among Siberian reindeer-herding populations.

Ancient DNA

Interior Siberian Upper Paleolithic individuals show paternal signals consistent with C2c2 ancestry.
Early Holocene taiga–tundra transitional groups carry basal C2c2 branches.
Some proto-Arctic genomes reveal continuity with downstream F1383 markers.

Phylogeny & subclades

C2c2 is defined by F1383 and Z13087. Its internal branches track early diversification within the Siberian interior.

C2c2a
C2c2b
C2c2*

Notes & context