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C2a2-Z1338
C2a2 (Z1338) represents a major Tungusic-aligned branch of the C2a radiation, with deep roots in the taiga environments of eastern Siberia and the Amur basin. It likely formed among late Upper Paleolithic foragers and later became prominent among Tungusic-speaking groups such as Evenks, Evens, Oroqen and Nanai. C2a2 also appears in some Mongolic and northern Chinese populations due to long-term interaction across the forest-steppe boundary.
High frequencies occur among Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, Hezhen and Ulchi. Secondary frequencies occur in Mongolia, Manchuria and Korea. Trace levels appear in Japan and parts of northern China.
C2a2 is defined by Z1338 and associated markers. It forms a major sister branch to C2a1, representing northern forest populations rather than steppe groups.
C2a2 is central to the paternal history of Tungusic-speaking groups and the eastern Siberian taiga.